NEB Class 12 Computer Science Short Answer Questions - Part 1
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| NEB Class 12 Computer Science Complete Solution - Part 1 |
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT
Chapter - 1
Short Answer Questions
1. Define SDLC. Describe the feasibility analysis method.
SDLC
The system development life cycle (SDLC) is a set of activities that the system analysts, designers, and users carry out to develop and implement an information system.
- It consists of the following stages:
- System Study or Preliminary Investigation or Problem Definition
- System Analysis or Determination of System Requirements
- System Design
- System Development or Development of Software
- System Testing and conversion
- System Implementation
- System Maintenance and Reviews
- Feasibility Analysis Method
A feasibility study is the process of analyzing whether the proposed system is feasible to develop or not. It is done to determine if the system would be constructive, profitable, and meaningful for the organization or not. A feasibility study is conducted once the system goal is set. It is basically the test of the proposed system in its workability, effective use of resources, and cost efficiency.
Different levels of feasibility studies are technical feasibility, economic feasibility, operational feasibility, social feasibility, management feasibility, legal and contractual feasibility, schedule feasibility, and behavioral feasibility.
2. Explain the system analysis phase of SDLC.
The system development life cycle (SDLC) is a set of activities that the system analysts, designers, and users carry out to develop and implement an information system. System analysis is one of the phases of SDLC. System analysis is the process of analyzing a system and creating a new system that meets the client's requirements.
During system analysis, data are collected from the various available sources by using tools such as interviews, on-site observation, sampling, research, and documentation. During this stage, all procedures and requirements must be analyzed and documented. Finally, system analysis determines what system is going to be developed.
The major objectives of system analysis are:
- To determine the need for a system.
- To find the strengths and weaknesses of the previous system.
- To find risk, economic, technical, social, or legal issues while developing the system.
- To determine what system is going to be developed.
- To determine whether the proposed system meets the user's requirements or not.
- To determine the requirements of the new system.
3. Explain the terms DFD and E-R diagram.
DFD
DFD (Data Flow Diagram) is a pictorial representation of a system showing the flow of data into, around, and out of the system. It is used to represent the basic operations of the system.
Different symbols used in DFD are:
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| Class 12 Computer Science Short Answer Questions |
E-R diagram
E-R diagram (Entity-Relationship diagram) is a design tool used for designing a database. It is used to show the entities, the relationship between entities, and attributes of entities along the primary attribute of a database using graphical symbols.
Different symbols used in the E-R diagram are:
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| NEB Class 12 Computer Science Complete Solution |
4. Who is system analyst? Explain the role of the system analyst.
System Analyst
A system analyst is a person who is involved in analyzing, designing, implementing, and evaluating Computer Based Information Systems (CBIS) to support the decision-making and effective operations of an organization. The system analyst studies the problems and their solutions using computer technology. Among the system development professionals, the job of a system analyst is the most important one because s/he is the captain of a team. So, s/he should have the ability to study the system, analyze it, design it, and develop the system. Finally, a System Analyst has to know about business operations and a strong background in relevant areas of computer systems.
Major Roles of System Analyst
The major roles or responsibilities of a system analyst are:
1. Defining requirements: It involves understanding the user's requirements. It involves interviewing users to find out what information is being used in the current system, how it is used, and what are their expectations towards the proposed system.
2. Prioritizing requirement: Each user in the organization has some special needs. So, there is a need to set priorities among the requirements of various users.
3. Gathering data, facts, and opinions of users: The system analyst must collect necessary data from the users and get their views.
4. Analysis and evaluation: The system analyst analyses the working of the current information system in the organization. S/he then shifts through the facts and opinions gathered by her/him and finds the best characteristics of a new or modified system.
5. Solving problems: A system analyst must study the problem in depth and suggest alternate solutions to the management. The relative difficulties in implementing each of the alternatives and the benefits of each must be considered so that a manager can pick what s/he considers the best solution.
6. Drawing up specification: The specification must be precise and detailed so that it can be used by the system implementer. It must also take into account expansion into the near future.
7. Designing system: Once the specification is accepted, the system analyst designs the system.
8. Evaluating system: A system analyst must evaluate a system after it has its used for a reasonable period. The time at which evaluation is to be done, how it is to be done, comments of the users are to be gathered and it must be decided by the system analyst.